What is the reproduction of plants | Sexual Reproduction of plants
Sexual Reproduction In Plants – Reproduction In Plants Takes Place In 2 Ways- (I) Asexual Reproduction (Ii) Sexual Reproduction
Asexual – Asexual Reproduction Reproduction In Plants Can Occur From Any Part Of The Plant. Eg :- Root, Stem, Leaf From Anywhere.
Sex In Plants – Sexual Reproduction Takes Place In The Flower. These Flowers Are Unisexual Or Bi-Sexual.
The Flower Consists Of The Following 4 Parts –
(I) Calyx – They Are At The Outermost Part Of The Flower. They Are Colorless Or Light Green In Colour. They Protect The Flower.
(Ii) Corolla – These Are The Colored Parts Of The Flower. The Color Of The Flower Depends On This. They Serve To Attract Insects During Pollination.
(Iii) Androcium – These Are The Male Parts Of The Flower. In These Pollen Grains Are Formed.
(Iv) Gynocium – These Are The Female Parts Of The Flower. Fruits And Seeds Are Obtained From Them.
It Has 3 Sub-Parts –
(I) Stigma – They Act As A Platform For Pollen Grains
( Ii) Style – They Act As A Route For The Pollen Grain To Reach The Ovary .
(Iii) Ovary – This Is The Lowest Part Of The Pistil.
It Develops And Takes The Form Of Fruit And Seed.
In Sexual Reproduction , When The Pollen Grain Of One Flower Reaches The Stigma Of The Same Flower Or The Flower Of Another Plant Of The Same Species, It Is Called Pollination. After Pollination, The Pollen Grains Combine With The Female Dvules To Form An Embryo (Zygote/Embrio). This Process Is Called Fertilization.
Pollination Is Done By Wind, Water, Insects, Birds Etc.
When Pollination Is By Wind, It Is Called ‘Anemophily’, If It Is Through Water, It Is Called ‘Hydrophily’, If It Is Through Insect, ‘Entemophily’ And If It Is Through Bird It Is Called ‘Arthinophily’ ( Orthinophily). Pollination By Bats Is Called ‘Chiropterophily’
The World’s Largest Flower, Rafflesia, Is Pollinated By Elephants.
Self Pollination- The Reaching Of Pollen Grain Of One Flower To The Stigma Of The Same Flower Or Another Flower Of The Same Plant Is Called Self-Pollination.
Cross-Pollination- When The Pollen Grain Of One Flower Reaches The Stigma Of A Flower Of Another Plant Of The Same Species, It Is Called Pollination. But After Pollination Fertilization Occurs
Which Form The Embryo (Zygote). Embryos Develop Into Fruits And Seeds.
Fruits And Seeds
Ripe Ovaries Are Called Fruits. Its Main Purpose Is To Protect The Seeds By Producing Seeds Inside Themselves And Help In Their Scattering.
There Are 3 Types Of Fruits – (1) True Fruits, (2) False Fruit Or Pseudocarp And (3) Parthenopcarpic Fruits.
(I) The Fruit Formed By The Growth Of The Ovary After Fertilization Is Called True Fruit. For Example, Mango, Papaya, Plum, Jamun, Coconut Etc.
(Ii) When A Fruit Is Not Formed From The Ovary, But Is Formed From Some Other Part Of The Flower, Such As Inflorescence, Pot, Outer Clump Or Flower Sequence, Then It Is Called Virtual Fruit. For Example, Apple, Astervarie, Cashew, Mulberry, Jackfruit, Fig, Pineapple, Peepal Etc. Sev And Pear Are Made From Thalamus. Cashews Are Made From Pushpasan And Pushpavali ‘Vrint’. Jackfruit, Fig, Mulberry, Pineapple, Sycamore Are Made From The Inflorescence (Arrangement Of Flowers).
(Iii) When Fruits Are Formed From The Ovary Without Fertilization, It Is Called Parthenogenetic Fruit. Seeds Are Formed In Such Fruits. For Example, Bananas, Grapes Etc.
On Another Basis There Are 3 Types Of Fruits- (I) Single Fruit (Ii) Succulent Fruit (Iii) Stored Fruit
Peas, Beans, Pulses, Mustard, Mango, Coconut, Water Chestnut, Wheat, Rice, Maize Are Examples Of Single Fruits.
Watermelon, Melon, Cucumber, Cucumber, Bitter Gourd, Tomato, Papaya, Guava, Brinjal, Lemon, Grapefruit, Vine, Sev, Etc. Are Examples Of Succulent Fruits And Mulberry, Pineapple, Syconus, Jackfruit, Sycamore, Peepal, Etc,
