Soils Of India » Alluvial, Black, Red, Forest & Mountain Soil

Soils Of India » Alluvial, Black, Red, Laterite, Desert, Forest & Mountain Soil

There Are Mainly Eight Types Of Soils Of India .

Alluvial Soil – Alluvial Soil

This Soil Has Been Deposited By Rivers In The Vast Plains Of North India And By Sea Waves On The Sea Coasts. This Soil Is Divided Into Two Sub-Classes – New Soil (Khadar) And Old Alluvial Soil (Bangar). This Soil Is Very Suitable For The Cultivation Of Paddy, Wheat, Pulses, Oilseeds, Sugarcane And Jute. It Occupies 46.2 Percent Area. 

Black Soil – Black Soil Or Regur Soil

This Soil Is Mainly Found In The Lava Area Of ​​The Deccan. The Color Of This Soil Is Deep Black As It Is Rich In Iron, Aluminum And Magnesium Salts. The Particles Of This Soil Are Dense, Due To Which The Capacity Of Holding Moisture Is High. Its Territory Is Spread Over Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka And Andhra Pradesh. This Soil Is Good For Cotton Crop. 

Red Soil

It Is Formed By The Fission Of Igneous Igneous Rocks Such As Granite And Nis. In Some Places Its Color Is Also Found Yellow, Brown, Chocolatey And Black. The Reason For The Variation In Color Is The Variation In The Iron Content. Mainly This Soil Is Found In Southern India. The Main Produce Of This Soil Is Jowar-Millet, Pulses, Tobacco Etc. 

Laterite Soil

It Is Formed By The Process Of Leaching Away Due To The Characteristic Feature Of Monsoon Climate – Gradual Change Of Wet And Dry Seasons. It Lacks Silica. It Is Rich In Iron And Aluminum. Laterite Found In High Altitude Areas Is More Acidic Than Laterite Found In Low Area. This Soil Is Found In The Rajmahal Of Jharkhand, The Areas Of Eastern And Western Ghats And The Hilly Areas Of Meghalaya. This Soil Is Also Found In Isam And The Northern Part Of West Bengal. Its Main Produce Is Tea, Coffee Etc. 

Desert Soil _

In The Western Part Of The Aravalli Range, Due To The Dryness Of The Climate And The Extreme Heat, Bare Rocks Break Up And Form These Soils. This Soil Is Found In The South-Western Part Of Rajasthan And Haryana. Agricultural Work Is Possible Due To The Availability Of Irrigation In This. 

Forest And Mountain Soil – Forests And Mountain Soil

• This Type Of Soil Is Mostly Found In Forests And Mountainous Areas. These Soils Surround Areas That Have Either Mountain Slopes Or Valleys In Forested Areas. It Is Rich In Organic Matter And Nitrogen. It Is Found In The Mountainous Parts Of The Himalayas Like Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Manipur, Etc. 

Saline And Alkaline Soils – Saline And Alkaline Soils

• It Is Also Known As Anwar And Unproductive Reh, Usar And Kallar. These Soils Contain Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium In Themselves. This Soil Is Widespread In The Dry And Semi-Arid Regions Of Northern India, Such As Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan And Parts Of Bihar. 

Peat And Organic Soils – Prary And Marshy Soils

Peat Soils Containing High Soluble Salts And Organic Matter Are Found In Alleppey And Kottayam Districts Of Kerala, Northeastern Part Of Bihar, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh And Some Areas Of West Bengal.

Important Facts 

On The Ecological Basis The Soils Are Of The Following Types. As

1. Residual Soil – The Soil Which Remains Lying At The Place Of Formation Is Called Residual Soil. 

2. Transported Soil – It Is The Soil That Has Flowed From The Place Where The Soil Is Formed.

3. Alluvial Soil – The Soil Which Flows By Water Reaches Another Place. 

4. Eoilan Soil – The Soil Which Reaches Another Place By Blowing Air. 

5. Shale, Debris Soil (Colluvial) – The Soil Which Reaches The Second Place By The Attraction Of The Earth.